出自《俄国之音》的英文网,地址:
http://english.ruvr.ru/2010/12/08/36438424.html
前几段没什么意义,就像任何一个《XX之音》一样,无非各种美化、各种夸大,比如:
When Napoleon crossed into Russia, he had more than 600,000 men. Half a year later, 20,000 or so managed to make it back to France, and 400,000 were killed on the battlefront. That brings the number of POWs to about 200,000 – an impressive figure indeed.
虽然后面四段也是如此,不过却为我们提供了些不错的信息,尤其是很少有文献提及那个时代俘虏所获待遇时这段就更显珍贵了(当然 真实性待商榷):
Towards the end of the war, the POWs actually felt quite comfortable in Russia. Many had good jobs. Educated French officers were working as governors in wealthy Russian families. The French language was tremendously popular in Russia back then, and it was as must for state officials and the aristocracy. French teachers were in great demand and handsomely paid. And here were thousands of native French speakers ready to teach for food and shelter.
As for rank-and-file POWs, they were sorted by ethnic origin. Those who had been forced to serve in the French army against their wish later took part in the anti-Napoleon campaign in Europe, for the war wasn’t over yet. Several POW regiments were formed, 20,000 men overall.
Other POWs were sent in groups of between 2,000 and 3,000 to various Russian regions where they worked at factories, plants or on farm estates.
Exercising control over such an army of POWs proved too heavy a burden for the government. So, in 1813, it allowed the POWs to take Russian citizenship – temporary, for a few years, or permanent. In the latter case, they were free to choose a place of residence. The majority of them, however, preferred temporary citizenship, as they were still hoping to return to France. They had to wait until 1815, when Emperor Alexander I signed a decree allowing the POWs to go home. But several thousand French soldiers and officers chose to stay in Russia. By that time, they were already married, had good jobs and even commanded respect among Russians. Their past sins were forgiven and forgotten. And you can still meet their descendants in various parts of Russia. We will tell you about some of them in our next programs.
一直到战争结束,俘虏们在俄国都过着舒适的日子。他们的许多人都谋得了生计,尤其是那些受过教育的法国军官,在雇佣他们的俄国家庭中更是相当于“总督”的存在。由于法语是当时欧洲的通用语言,在俄国也是格外流行,而法语对于国家官员与贵族来说尤其重要,因此法语教师的需求量很大并且薪酬很高,而现在则有数万计的以法语为母语的人愿意为了食物与住所而担任法语老师。
至于普通士兵俘虏,由于他们是被拿破仑强迫而不得不在大军团中服役并同俄国交战,被俘后他们被按照不同的种族编织成新的部队,并参加了之后同拿破仑的作战。期间有不少“俘虏营”被组建起来,总数有20000人左右。
其他一些俘虏被分成了2000到3000人一批,被派往了俄罗斯各地从事工业生产以及农业种植工作。
一直对俘虏实行严格管制证明会成为政府严重的负担,所以到了1813年俄国政府允许这些俘虏获取暂时或者永久的俄罗斯公民权。在这种情况下他们可以自由的选择居住地点,但是他们中的大多数还是希望返回法国,所以选择了成为俄罗斯的临时公民。1815年拿破仑战争结束后,沙皇亚历山大签署了一项法令,允许在俄国的战俘回家,他们中的大部分人离开了,但依然有几千法国军官与士兵选择了留下,因为他们已经在这里娶妻生子,拥有不错的工作甚至担任要职。他们过往的罪恶被宽恕并且遗忘了,如今你还能在俄罗斯的许多地方发现这批人的后裔。
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