1799年3月1日，法兰西共和国将军儒尔当率领25000法军渡过莱茵河。2日，该兵团被命名为多瑙河方面军。随后，法军向多瑙河南面运动，意图为遮护瑞士。卡尔大公率领8万奥军结束冬营，前去迎战法军。除卡尔大公率领的这8万人之外，奥军还有霍茨率领的26000人与泰罗尔地区贝勒加德率领的46000人。儒尔当分遣万达姆将军指挥部分人马延多瑙河北岸搜寻奥军，自己率军渡过多瑙河，在奥斯特拉克（Ostrach）布阵。奥斯特拉克是一块比较有利于防守的阵地，儒尔当估计奥军距离自己还有3天的行军时间，他可以利用这一时间巩固阵地，进行防御战。然而，卡尔大公指挥奥军一路急行军，在3月21日已有48000人抵达奥斯特拉克，两军在奥斯特拉克交战，奥军组成多路纵队，对法军的左，中，右进行猛烈突击，最终将法军分割为三个部分，迫使法军撤退，但奥军未能围歼法军各部，只包围俘虏了500人。战斗结束后，法军撤向斯托卡赫（Stockach），并在该地集中，意图再战。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Stockach_%281799%29
交战序列：
法军：
General of Division Jean-Baptiste Jourdan commanding.
Chief of Staff: General of Division Jean Augustin Ernouf
Engineering: General of Division Armand Samuel de Marescot
Artillery: General of Division Jean Fabre de la Martillière
Advanced Guard
General of Division François Joseph Lefebvre
Adj. General François-Richer Drouet
Adj. General François-Xavier Octavie Fontaine
* Generals of Brigade Jean-de-Dieu Soult, Adolphe Édouard Casimir Joseph Mortier, Gilbert de Laval
* 25th Demi-brigade Light Infantry (3 battalions)[5]
* 53rd Demi Brigade Line Infantry (3 battalions)
* 67th Demi Brigade Line Infantry (3 battalions)
* General of Brigade Dominique Louis Antoine Klein
* 17th Dragoon Regiment
* 1st Chasseurs à Cheval
* 4th Hussars (4 squadrons)
* 5th Hussars (4 squadrons)
* 2 Foot Artillery Batteries
* 1 Horse Artillery Battery
* 3rd Battalion Sappers (7th Company)
First Division
General of Division Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
Pierre Garnier de Laboissière
* Left Brigade: Jean-Baptiste Jacopin
* 102nd Demi Brigade Line Infantry (3 battalions)
* 6th Chasseurs à Cheval (4 squadrons)
* Right Brigade: Jean Victor Tharreau
* 10th Demi Brigade Light Infantry (3 battalions)
* 46th Demi Brigade Line Infantry(3 battalions)
* 11th Dragoon Regiment (4 squadrons)
* 3 Foot Artillery Batteries
* 1 Horse Artillery Battery
* 3rd Battalion Sappers
Second Division
General of Division Joseph Souham
* Left Brigade General of Brigade François Goullus
* 83rd Demi Brigade, Line Infantry (3 battalions)
* 7th Demi Brigade, Line Infantry (2 battalions)
* 6th Dragoons (4 squadrons)
* Right Brigade General of Brigade Charles Mathieu Isidore Decaen
* 2nd Demi Brigade, Light Infantry (3 battalions)
* 1st Dragoons (4 squadrons)
* 2nd Foot Artillery (15th Company)
* 7th Horse Artillery Unit (13th Company)
Third Division
General of Division Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
* General of Brigade Frédéric Henri Walther
* 108th Demi Brigade, Line Infantry (3 battalions)
* 2nd Dragoon Regiment
* General of Brigade Claude Juste Alexandre Legrand
* 11th Demi Brigade, Light Infantry (2 battalions)
* 1st Demi Brigade, Line Infantry (2 battalions)
* 8th Chasseurs à Cheval (4 squadrons)
* 10th Chasseurs à Cheval (4 squadrons)
* 2 Foot Artillery Units
* 1 Horse Artillery Units
Cavalry Reserves
General of Division Jean-Joseph Ange d'Hautpoul
* 1st Carabiniers Regiment
* 2nd Carabiniers Regiment
* 4th Cavalry Regiment
* 6th Cavalry Regiment
* 7th Cavalry Regiment
* 8th Cavalry Regiment
* 23rd Cavalry Regiment
* 25th Cavalry Regiment
* 6th Horse Artillery (5th company)
* 7th Horse Artillery (2nd company)
* 3rd Foot Artillery (2nd and 3rd company)
* 3rd Battalion Sappers
Detached Flank Corps
General of Division Dominique Vandamme
* 1st Light Infantry (2 battalions)
* 8th Demi Brigade, light infantry (3 battalions)
* 50th Demi Brigade, light infantry (3 battalions each)
* 1 Squadron Dragoons
* 1 Foot Artillery Unit
* 8th or 10th Chasseurs a Cheval (1 squadron)
奥军：
Field Marshal Archduke Charles Commander in Chief
Advanced Guard
* Lt. Field Marshal Friedrich Joseph, Count of Nauendorf
Major General Maximilian, Count of Merveldt
Right Wing
Feldzeugmeister Olivier, Count of Wallis
Advanced Guard
* Major General Merveldt
* Freikorps (volunteers) Wurmser (12 companies)
* 1st Hussars Kaiser (8 squadrons)
* 1st Lancers Merveldt (8 squadrons)
* 13th Border Infantry Regiment Wallachian Illyrian (1st Battalion)
* Major General Joseph Kempf (commanded a portion of Petrasch's division, included in the advanced guard)
* 1st Infantry Regiment Kaiser (3 battalions)
* 31st Infantry Regiment Benjowsky (2 battalions)
Main Force (Right)
* Lt. Field Marshal Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg
* Colonel Joseph Ulm
* 35th Infantry Regiment Wenkheim (3 battalions)
* Major General Ludwig Vogelsang
* 21st Infantry Regiment Gemmingen (3 battalions)
* 42nd Infantry Regiment Erbach (2 battalions)
* Lt. Field Marshal Franz Petrasch
* Major General Kempf
* Two regiments detached to advance guard
* 49th Infantry Regiment Kerpen (2 battalions)
* Lt. Field Marshal Augustus Christian Frederick, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen
* Major General Andreas O'Reilly
* 6th Light Dragoons Coburg (6 squadrons)
* Major General Franz Roë (or Anton?)
* 2nd Light Dragoons, Archduke Ferdinand (6 squadrons)
* Lt. Field Marshal Johann Sigismund Riesch
* Major General Friedrich Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
* 9th Cuirassier Regiment Nassau-Usingen (6 squadrons)
* 10th Cuirassier Regiment Mack (6 squadrons)
Center
Reinforced Forward Line
Lt. Field Marshal Nauendorf
* 12th Infantry Regiment Manfredini (3 battalions)
* Major General Ignaz Gyulay
* 6th Border Infantry Regiment Warasdin St. George (1st Battalion)
* 8th Border Infantry Regiment Gradiska (3rd Battalion)
* 16th Border Infantry Regiment Siebenburg-Wallachian (1st Battalion)
* Major General Michael von Kienmayer
* 3rd Hussars Erzherzog Karl d'Este (8 squadrons)
* 10th Hussars Meszaros (8 squadrons)
* Major General Christoph Karl von Piacsek
* Tirolean Jägers (3 companies)
* 5th Light Battalion Radivojevich (6 companies)
* 12th Border Hussars Croatian Slavic (6 squadrons)
* Lt. Field Marshal Siegfried Kospoth (of the Reserve)
* Major General Joseph Spiegelberg
* 12th Light Dragoons Kinsky (6 squadrons)
* Major General Friedrich Joseph Ludwig Hessen-Homburg
* 11th Light Dragoons Latour (6 squadrons)
* Major General Franz Ludwig Sebottendorf
* 2nd Infantry Regiment Archduke Ferdinand (3 battalions)
Reserve
* Lt. Field Marshal Johann Kollowrat
* Grenadier Battalion Tegethoff (20th, 22nd, and 29th)
* Grenadier Battalion Bojaowsky (1st 7th and 12th)
* Grenadier Battalion Teschner (3rd, 35th and 50th)
* Grenadier Battalion Lippe (2nd, 31st and 60th)
* Grenadier Battalion Sebottendorf (41st, 49th and 56th)
* Grenadier Battalion Juch (21st, 42, and 54th)
Left Wing
Lt. Field Marshal Joseph Staader
Advanced Guard
* Major General Karl Philipp Fürst zu Schwarzenberg
* Border Sharpshooters (4 companies)
* 12th Light battalion Rubinitz (6 companies)
* 2nd Lancers (6 squadrons)
* 4th Hussar Regiment Vecsey (6 squadrons)
Main Force (Left)
* Lt. Field Marshal Maximilien Baillet de Latour
* Major General Anton Ulrich Mylius
* 12th Border Infantry Regiment Banat (1st Battalion)
* 22nd Infantry Regiment Lacy (3 battalions)
* 7th Infantry Regiment Carl Schroeder (3 battalions)
* Lt. Field Marshal Heinrich XV, Prince of Reuss-Plauen
* Major General Karl Friedrich Lindenau
* 3rd Infantry Regiment Erzherzog Karl (3 battalions)
* 29th Infantry Regiment Oliver Wallis (3 battalions)
* Lt. Field Marshal Nikolaus Colloredo-Mels
* Major General Franz Seraph Rosenberg-Orsini
* 7th Cuirassiers Lothringen (6 squadrons)
* 8th Cuirassiers Hohenzollern (6 squadrons)
* Lt. Field Marshal Prince Alexander Württemberg
* Major General Johann Jacob Klinglin
* 2nd Cuirassiers Archduke Franz d'Este (6 squadrons)
* 11th Cuirassiers Ansbach (4 squadrons)
Detached (flanking) force
Lt. Colonel Wiedersberg
* Tirolean Jägers (1 company)
* 1st Border Hussars Croatian Slavic (4 squadrons)
* 7th Light Dragoons Waldeck (2 squadrons)
交战经过：
Fought at the junction of the east-west and north-south roads on the eastern side of the Black Forest, the day-long battle at Stockach and Engen pitted the two armies against each other for the second time in seven days. The Austrians still had the numerical superiority, but this time it was closer to two-to-one, instead of almost three-to-one. Jourdan had consolidated his force over a shorter line, and had the full Army of the Danube under his direct command. Charles, likewise, had shortened his line; although Hotze had not yet caught up with the archduke, he and his 10,000 men were approaching from the Austrians' left rear.
Dispositions
For more details on this topic, see Order of battle at the Battle of Stockach (1799).
By 23 March, Jourdan had his headquarters in the vicinity of Stockach. He had recalled Barthélemy Ferino from the far right flank; Ferino had retreated along the coast of the Überlingen Lake, the northwestern finger of Lake Constance, to be in position at the close right flank, adjacent to Souham's division. Lefebvre, wounded at Ostrach, was unable to take the field himself, and Laurent Saint Cyr commanded of the left flank. When Jourdan considered his position, he felt it too extended, so he drew back further behind Stockach, toward Engen, where he could concentrate his force. The first division camped near the Hohentwiel, the 11th century fortress overlooking the marshes at the western-most point of the Lake Constance. The second division, the advanced guard, and a cavalry division were camped on the heights above Engen. The third division was camped by Leibtengen (Liptingen, the French called it), and Neuhausen. Vandamme and his small corps worked themselves discretely into a position behind the Austrian right flank. Jourdan established his headquarters at Engen.
The plan was straightforward: Vandamme and Saint Cyr would make a simultaneous attack on the Austrian right, and Soult's and Jourdan's main force would attack the Austrian center and left. Jourdan's plan, to attack four points of the opposition simultaneously, seemed to him to be the only reasonable action against a force with such numerical superiority.
The Habsburg center columns included 17,000 men under the command of field marshal Friedrich Joseph, Count of Nauendorf, formed into three columns and approaching from the north east. The main force, under the command of the Archduke Charles, included 53,000 men, also in three columns; in the main force, Charles had under his command the princes of Anhalt and Fürstenberg plus six battalions in a fourth column, north of the main column, but south of Nauendorf's command. An additional force of 13,000 troops under the command of Lieutenant Fieldmarshall Sztarry formed the southern flank.
General engagement
The general engagement on 25 March was brutal and bloody.Before daybreak, at close to 0500, Saint Cyr opened by sending his forces in a headlong attack on the Austrian right, coordinated with Souham and Ferino's assault on the Austrian left. The ferocious attack forced the Austrians out of the woods in which they had been positioned overnight, and down the road to the village of Schwandorf. Fearing that his forces would be flanked, Charles directed some reinforcements to back up General Mervelt's force on the Austrian right, six squadrons of lancers of the First Regiment. At this point, Vandamme's small corps, which had moved into position in the night of 24 March, attacked from the rear. Saint Cyr's forces had taken hold of the woods outside Stockach, named by the Austrians as the gruesome wood， with the conflict there described as "obstinate and bloody."The Archduke himself arrived with six battalions of Hungarian grenadiers and twelve squadrons of cuirassiers and led them into the fight. Both the Prince of Anhalt and Karl Aloys Fürstenberg were killed as they led their own columns into the engagement. Saint Cyr made no progress until Vandamme's assault, but both withered under the Archduke's response. In the melee, Claude Juste Alexandre Legrand, a general of brigade of Saint Cyr's III. division, lost both his brother at his side, and his aide-de-camp, and Jourdan himself had barely escaped being trampled to death or captured, as he tried to rally his own troops. The main assault on the Austrian center was stalled by the superior numbers.
At the French right flank, General Ferino attempted to push the Austrians back, first with a cannonade, followed by an attack through the woods on both sides of the road between Asch and Stockach. Two columns made two attacks, both of which were repulsed; finally, Ferino added his third column to the assault, which resulted in the Austrian reformation of the line, cannons at the center firing a heavy cannonade. Ferino could not respond because he had run out of artillery ammunition. The French fixed bayonets and charged the village of Wahlwies, successfully taking it, but they were unable to hold it in the night, and subsequently fell back.
Withdrawal
On the evening of 26 March, Jourdan arranged for the abandonment of the positions in Engen and Stockach. Saint Cyr had already withdrawn along the Danube, after his and Vandamme's assaults on the Austrian right failed, and was working his way west toward the Black Forest. Inexplicably, at least at the time, the Austrians failed to pursue the retreating French; instead of pursuing the French, Charles ordered his army into cantonments at Stockach and Engen, as far south as Wahlweiss. The Aulic Council, in establishing a plan of battle, had forbidden his approach to the Rhine until Switzerland was also cleared of the French army; Charles simply held his ground.
By 31 March, the Army of the Danube established itself in Neustadt, Freiburg im Breisgau, Freudenstadt and Schiltach. Jourdan set up his command headquarters at Hornberg. The cavalry could not find enough forage in the mountains, and were sent to Offenberg.
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