本帖最后由 王法拉 于 2013-9-22 15:13 编辑
Kutusov Retreats 库图佐夫撤退
The Russian retreat began soon after midnight when the artillery was moved to Mozhaisk. Around 3am the remaining forces proceeded in its wake. By dawn, only Platov’s rearguard remained on the battlefield. Learning of the Russian withdrawal, Murat ‘again came to ask [Napoleon] for the cavalry of his Guard. “The enemy’s army,” said he, “is passing the Moskwa in haste and disorder; I wish to surprise and extinguish it.’’ The Emperor repelled this sally of immoderate ardour …’525
午夜即过，当炮兵转移到Mozhaisk后，俄军的撤退也正式开始了。凌晨三点左右，剩余的部队也实施了转移，至黎明时分，战场上只有Platov的后卫哥萨克仍在活动。得到俄军撤走的报告后，Murat再一次请求派出近卫军骑兵发动追击：“敌军正在混乱中渡河（莫斯科河），我们一个突击就能干掉那些俄国佬！”可是拿破仑对于狂热的出击不感兴趣，没有采纳他的意见。
During the night, the Russian outposts harassed the French lines and some Russian sources suggest that Cossacks might have recovered (albeit briefly) the Grand Redoubt, which was all but abandoned by the French. Ségur’s memoirs tell of Russian ‘unseasonable clamours’ that hassled the French: ‘There was an alert, close to the Emperor’s tent. The Old Guard was actually obliged to run to arms; a circumstance which, after a victory, seemed insulting.’
入夜后，俄军的警戒部队袭扰了法军营地，一些俄国资料暗示哥萨克可能收复了整个大多面堡（虽然时间很短暂，法国人也废弃了这里）。Ségur的回忆中提到，哥萨克“不合时宜”地出现引起了法军骚乱：“警报在皇帝营帐周围响起，老近卫军被命令火速武装护驾，发生这种事真是对’胜利者‘的羞辱。”
Many Russians were unhappy over the abandonment of the battlefield, especially in light of Kutuzov’s order congratulating them with victory. Grumbling, they obeyed, and many French officers noted the care with which the retreating Russians took the time to bury their dead along the road. Fantin des Odoards wrote in his diary: ‘In all fairness, it must be said that these people whom we call barbarous take great care of their wounded and have the piety to bury their dead …’526
许多俄国人对于撤出战场耿耿于怀，特别是听到库图佐夫宣称俄军获得了胜利之后。虽然牢骚满腹，但他们仍然执行了命令，许多法军军官注意到，俄军撤退从容不迫，并沿路安葬了亡者。Fantin des Odoards在他的日记中写到：“平心而论，这些所谓的野蛮人对伤员悉心照料，对死者也虔诚安葬。”
Still, hundreds of Russian wounded were gathered in Mozhaisk, where they found themselves stranded due to lack of transportation. As Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky described:
the civil administration of the Moscow province explained the lack of carts by noting that the districts closest to the theatre of war were placed under the authority of the Ministry of War, while the military administration found very few people remaining in the villages, since the majority had escaped to the woods fearing the enemy invasion.
但是，仍有数百名俄国伤员因缺少运输工具而滞留在Mozhaisk。Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky描述道：莫斯科省的民政官解释说，大部分临近战区的居民为了躲避战火而逃入了树林，只有少数人留在村子里（军官们也发现了这点），这导致了运输工具的不足，使我们不能及时运走所有伤员。
Kutuzov’s repeated pleas to Governor Rostopchin for carts and horses had gone unheeded and many wounded were eventually abandoned in Mozhaisk.
虽然库图佐夫曾多次向莫斯科地方长官Rostopchin请求车马协助，可事情并没有引起后者的注意，这导致许多伤员最后被抛弃在了Mozhaisk。
The Russian Army was spared the sight of the carnage that reigned on the battlefield, vividly recorded in the memoirs of Allied soldiers who stayed behind. ‘Nothing could have been more depressing than the appearance of the battlefield covered with groups occupied in carrying away the thousands of wounded, and in taking from the dead the few provisions remaining in their haversacks,’ noted Lejeune, adding that Some of the wounded dragged themselves towards Kolotskoy, where Baron Larrey had set up an ambulance, whilst others were carried thither by their comrades in one way or another. Very soon an immense number were waiting attention, but, alas, everything needed for them was wanting, and hundreds perished of hunger, envying the happier lot of those who had been killed on the spot.
这些经历了残酷厮杀而幸存的俄国军人，他们的事迹被后来的联军士兵生动地记录了下来，Lejeune写到：“没有什么会比在战场上搬运成百上千的伤员和那些饿死者更让人沮丧了，有些伤兵自己挣扎着挪向Kolotskoy ——Baron Larrey在那里设立了救助站，剩下的则由他们的伙伴千方百计带到对岸。很快，等待救护的人越聚越多，可所需要的物资却没有着落，这当中的数百人一定会羡慕那些牺牲在阵地上的战友，因为他们将死于饥饿的折磨。”
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