204-207页，惨胜------全部完成

王法拉

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王法拉

204-205页


A Pyrrhic Victory 惨胜

         On the morning after the battle, Napoleon reviewed the field, which as Armand de Caulaincourt described, was ‘thickly strewn with dead’. Napoleon carefully examined every portion of this battlefield and, as Caulaincourt wrote, ‘at each point he demanded minute details of everything that had happened, dealt out praise and encouragement, and was greeted by his troops with all their wonted enthusiasm’. Ségur also accompanied the Emperor on his tour of the battlefield:
         Never did [a battlefield] present so horrible an appearance. Every thing concurred to make it so; a gloomy sky, a cold rain, a violent wind, houses burnt to ashes, a plain turned topsy-turvy, covered with ruins and rubbish, in the distance the sad and sombre verdure of the trees of the North; soldiers roaming about in all directions amidst the dead, and hunting for provisions, even in the haversacks of their dead companions; horrible wounds, for the Russian musket-balls are larger than ours; silent bivouacs, no singing or story-telling – a gloomy taciturnity!

战斗结束后的第二天，拿破仑于清晨巡视了尸积如山的战场（科兰古语）。皇帝仔细查探了战场的每个角落，科兰古记录到：“每到一个地方，他都详细地听询战斗经历，赞扬将士的勇敢，激励他们的士气，陛下的驾临也获得了军队的热烈欢迎。”Ségur也陪同拿破仑巡视了战场，从没有过如此可怕的景象：灰暗的天空，湿冷的阴雨，狂风掠过原野，房屋化作灰烬，富饶的平原变得糟乱无章，被毁灭的气息所笼罩，北面那碧绿树林也显得无比阴郁哀伤；士兵们游走在战场上，搜寻着一切补给品，连自己生前战友的干粮袋也不曾放过；俄国滑膛枪的口径比我们大，这造成了更可怕的创伤；没有欢歌笑语，沮丧和沉默压倒了一切！
         
According to Ségur, Napoleon observed the surviving officers and soldiers gathering around their eagles, their clothes torn in the fury of the combat, blackened with powder, and spotted with blood; and yet, in the midst of their rags, their misery, and disasters, they had a proud look, and at the sight of the Emperor, uttered some shouts of triumph, but they were rare …

Ségur提到，拿破仑检阅了聚拢在他鹰旗下的幸存官兵，他们的军装因为残酷地搏杀而撕裂，沾着火药粉末的污渍和血迹；尽管衣衫破烂，深陷痛苦悲伤，但他们眼中仍透着自豪，向皇帝发出胜利的欢呼，只可惜他们人数太少了。。

          Approaching the Grand Redoubt, Caulaincourt was overwhelmed with emotion and could not describe
         my feelings as I passed over the ground which had been dyed by my brother’s blood. If the eulogies and the justice rendered by an entire army to the memory of a brave man could have consoled me, I ought to have had peace in my heart …

快到大多面堡时，科兰古已经抑制不住自己的泪水，他情不自禁地写到：当我走过这浸透了兄弟鲜血的土地时（其兄弟在这里阵亡），我不由地想，如果整个军团能为我哀悼，肯定我的作为，那即便牺牲我也会心存安慰。。

          Bausset, standing nearby, could see as ‘M. de Caulaincourt and M. de Canouville, with tears in their eyes, turned away from the spot that contained the glorious remains of their brothers.’ Meanwhile, Ségur noted that: it was impossible, no matter how careful one was, always to walk on the ground. The Emperor, I saw, was still ill, and the only animated gesture I saw him make was of irritation. One of our horses, striking one of these victims, had drawn a groan from him, albeit it was I who had caused it. Upon one of us remarking that the dying man was a Russian, the Emperor retorted, ‘There are no enemies after a victory!’ and immediately had Roustam [Napoleon’s manservant] pick the man up and give him to drink from his own flask, which the Mamluk always carried on him.527

          当时在附近的Bausset目睹M. de Caulaincourt 和 M. de Canouville离开，他们满含热泪，因为这里是他们兄弟生命的终点。Ségur同时提到：即使是铁打的人也有扛不住的时候。皇帝身体依旧不适，只是偶尔发怒才让他显得有些生机。我们的一匹马踩到了一个幸存者，引得他阵阵呻吟。我们认出那是个俄国人，可皇帝回答道“胜利之后，他已经不是敌人！”Roustam（皇帝的男仆）马上扶起了伤员，还从随侍的马木留克哪里给他弄了一些酒喝。

Dedem could barely contain himself while observing ‘the most disgusting sight’ he had ever seen. ‘Mountains of dead on both sides,’ he reminisced, ‘the wounded calling for help …’

         Dedem只能说他看到了有生以来最为恶心的事情“双方的死尸堆积如山，伤兵四处挣扎求助。。。。”
The Württemberg Captain von Kurz, saw the wounded, both the French and Russian, lying ‘one on top of the other, swimming in pools of their own blood, moaning and cursing as they begged for death’.
         

符腾堡上尉von Kurz，看到双方的伤兵躺在地上，相互枕藉，周围血流如注，哀嚎遍野，很多人痛不欲生，只求速死。

王法拉

Brandt, who spent the night ‘surrounded by the dead and dying’, witnessed how  the agonized and tormented wounded began to gather until they far outnumbered us. They could be seen everywhere like ghostly shadows moving in the half-light, creeping towards the glow of the fire. Some, horribly mutilated, used the last of their strength to do so. They would suddenly collapse and die, with their imploring eyes fixed on the flames. Others retained some stamina but still seemed more like ghosts than living men.
         
Brandt在尸体与垂死者之中度过了夜晚，亲眼目睹了饱受痛苦折磨的伤兵们聚集起来，人数越来越多。他们随处可见，像幽灵一般在黑夜中游走，向着篝火艰难挪动。有些肢体不全的人用最后一丝力气挣扎前行。他们中有些人会突然倒地死去，眼中对温暖篝火的渴望却不曾消退。剩下的与其说是人，倒不如说他们看起来更像鬼魂。

Brandt observed Napoleon’s examination the Grand Redoubt:         I saw him deep in conversation with one of his staff officers who then went into the redoubt with some of the Guard Chasseurs. They marked out a square and then counted the number of corpses in the square. They repeated this at a number of different points and I understand that using this mathematical technique, they got an approximate idea of the number of victims. Whilst all this was going on, Napoleon’s face was quite impassive but he did look a little pale.

          Brandt目睹了拿破仑对大多面堡的巡阅：我看到他（拿破仑）和一名带着近卫轻骑兵的参谋进入了多面堡，皇帝陷入了沉思。他们划出一片地方，清点附近的尸体，在另外几处也如法炮制。我知道他们在估计死难者的数量。随着工作的进行，皇帝的脸色越发冷漠，看起来真的有些憔悴。

The number of the dead also stunned Boulart, who found it ‘hard to move without stepping on corpses […] whole squares were traced by the dead or wounded left there’. Labaume could see ‘mounds of cadavers, and the little spaces where there were not any were covered with debris of arms, lances, helmets or cuirasses, or by cannon-balls as numerous as hailstones after a violent storm’.

Boulart也被巨大的伤亡所震惊，他发现“尸体如此之多，每迈出一步都要历尽艰辛，整个广场到处都是亡者和伤兵 ”。Labaume见到尸体堆积如山，剩下的地方铺满了武器、骑枪、头盔、胸甲的碎片和冰雹一样多的炮弹。

In some places, soldiers gathered in groups to discuss the exploits of previous days or search for missing friends. Le Roy managed to reunite with his son and as thy were speaking, surrounded by a few officers, he felt a soft pinch in the back. It was a Russian bullet and fortunately for Le Roy, it was already spent ‘after lying for over quarter of a lieue’ [approximately half a mile]. Less fortunate was Vossen’s friend (a sergeant in the 111th Line) who was killed by a stray bullet late at night, while preparing roll-calls of surviving troops.

        在一些地方，士兵们聚在一起谈论早前的战斗，或者打听好友的下落。Le Roy正和一小群军官谈到自己要去和儿子团聚，突然一阵疼痛袭来。摸黑挨枪子虽然倒霉，可万幸那铅弹的动能已被漫长的飞行耗尽（大概是半英里外射来的）。可Vossen在第111线列步兵团的军士朋友就没这么走运，当他在夜间集队点名时候，一颗流弹夺走了他的生命。

Meanwhile, Dumonceau lamented the loss of thousands of horses:         One could see some which, horribly disembowelled, nevertheless, kept standing, their heads hung low, drenching the soil with their blood, or, hobbling painfully in search of some pasture, dragged beneath them shreds of harness, sagging intestines or a fractured member, or else, lying lat on their sides, lifted their heads from time to time to gaze on their gaping wounds.528

同时，Dumonceau也为战损的数千军马哀悼：        许多战马被开膛破肚，它们仍旧站着，可头已不再高昂，身下也浸满鲜血；有的拖着破碎的马具、流出的肚肠和阵亡的骑兵，蹒跚地寻觅一块草地；有的则躺在地上，呆视着自身累累的伤痕。

Soltyk recounted a conversation between Murat and Ney after the battle:         The two heroes of the battle greeted each other amicably, and the King [Murat] said to the Marshal, ‘Yesterday was a hot one. I have never seen a battle like it for artillery fire. At Eylau the guns fired as many rounds but it was cannon-balls. Yesterday the armies were so close that most of the firing was with grapeshot.’ The Marshal responded, ‘We did not break any eggs. The enemy’s losses must be huge and his morale has undoubtedly been seriously damaged. We must pursue him and exploit our victory.’ ‘However, the Russians retired in good order,’ added the King. ‘I find that hard to believe,’ replied the Marshal. ‘How could they, after such a pounding march?’ Yet, Ney was mistaken and the Russians indeed made an orderly withdrawal.529

Soltyk回忆了缪拉和內伊战后的谈话：两位战斗英雄友好地会面了，国王（缪拉）对元帅（內伊）说：“昨天真是一场血战，我从未见过那么猛烈的炮火。在艾劳战场也算弹飞如雨，可我们面对的还是多是加农炮弹（实心弹？）。昨天双方近距离舍身搏杀，用的大部分却是葡萄散弹。”元帅回应道：“我们未伤元气，可敌人的损失必然极为惨痛，士气也该一蹶不振。我们应该追击他们，扩大胜利。”“可是俄国人是保持阵型退出阵地的”，国王说到。“这简直难以置信”元帅说，“他们明明遭到了重创！”是啊，內伊并不了解俄国人，他们的确完成了一次有序的撤退。

王法拉

207页


After his ‘sombre review’, Ségur recorded that Napoleon in vain sought to console himself with a cheering illusion, by having a second enumeration made of the few prisoners who remained, and collecting together some dismounted cannon: from seven to eight hundred prisoners, and twenty broken cannon, were all the trophies of this imperfect victory.530
         
Ségur记录到，这沉闷的检阅无法让拿破仑感到一丝安慰，第二轮战果统计后，法军的战利品只有七八百名俄军俘虏和二十门破损的大炮，这对于“胜利者”来说，太寒碜了。

The Allied wounded were gathered and tended in several hospitals organized on the battlefield, the main ones being set up at the Kolotsk Monastery and in Mozhaisk. Conditions were appalling and hundreds died over the next few weeks. Generals Teste and Compans were placed in the same room with about a dozen other wounded; the next day, everyone except for generals, was dead. Captain François spent the night in a room with twenty-seven wounded, seven of whom died that same night and many more followed them over the next two weeks. The wounded General Dessaix refused surgeons’ suggestions to amputate his hand, which eventually healed itself quite well. Yet, General Romeuf was less fortunate and, as Larrey describes it, he died of his horrendous wounds caused by a round-shot later than night.
      
   联军的伤兵被集中到几处战地医院（主要的医疗基地设在Kolotsk Monastery 和 Mozhaisk）看护救治。伤员的情况很糟糕，数百人在接下来几周中痛苦地死去。Teste 和 Compans二位将军与另外12人共处一室，可第二天死神就带走了他俩的全部室友。François上尉与27名伤员一同过夜，当晚就有7人不治，接下来的两周内死的更多。Dessaix将军拒绝了截肢手术，但他的手最终却得以康复。不过Romeuf就没那么好运，Larrey说，一轮齐射造成的可怕创伤当晚便要了他的命。

Conditions in hospitals quickly deteriorated and Lejeune was stunned to see ‘our troops using horseflesh as food’ in Mozhaisk two days after the battle. According to Ségur: The Russians were seen dragging themselves along to places where dead bodies were heaped together, and offered them a horrible retreat. It has been affirmed by several persons, that one of these poor fellows lived for several days in the carcase of a horse, which had been gutted by a shell, and the inside of which he gnawed. Some were seen straightening their broken leg by tying a branch of a tree tightly against it, then supporting themselves with another branch, and walking in this manner to the next village. Not one of them uttered a groan.

医疗条件迅速恶化，战斗结束两天后，Lejeuneh吃惊地看到Mozhaisk的士兵们用马肉充饥。Ségur说，俄国人沿着一路的坟墓前行，用来休息的场所环境恶劣，远非常人所能忍受。甚至有个家伙靠着一匹被炮弹开膛的死马捱过了好几天(有数位证人)。有些人用木棍固定着他们的断肢，拄着拐向下一个村子走去。痛苦的哀嚎随耳可闻，挥之不去。      

And yet, a more gruesome picture awaited Alexandre Bellot de Kergorre, a young commissaire des guerres at Mozhaisk, who left a vivid description of thousands of wounded lying throughout the town and dying of hunger and thirst.531
      
  可是，等着Alexandre Bellot de Kergorre还有更可怕的场面，这位在Mozhaisk的年轻战士给后人留下了生动的描述，数千名又饥又渴的伤兵布满镇子，很多人因此长眠。

Napoleon remained in Mozhaisk for three days, quartered in a house near the main square. His sore throat quickly turned to laryngitis and the Emperor could no longer speak or dictate his orders, which forced him to scribble down all his instructions. This brief respite also allowed him to regroup his troops after the bloodletting at Borodino and gather more ammunition and supplies. His advance guard, meantime, pursued the Russian Army.

拿破仑于Mozhaisk呆了三天，他在中央广场附近找了一间房屋居住下来。喉痛已经恶化成炎症，这让皇帝只能草草地写下命令。但这几天也让他重整博罗季诺血战之后的军队，补充更多粮弹。与此同时，法军的前锋警戒部队也正在追击俄军，战争仍在继续。

王法拉

惨胜


        战斗结束后的第二天早上，拿破仑巡视了尸积如山的战场（科兰古语）。皇帝仔细查探了战场的每个角落，科兰古记录到：“每经过一个地方，他都详细地听询战斗经历，赞扬将士的勇敢，激励他们的士气，陛下的驾临也获得了军队的热烈欢迎。”塞居尔（Ségur）也陪同拿破仑巡视了战场：从没有过如此可怕的景象：灰暗的天空，湿冷的阴雨，强风掠过战场，房屋化作灰烬，富饶的平原变得糟乱无章，笼罩着毁灭的气息，北面的碧绿树林也显得无比阴郁哀伤；士兵们游走在战场上，搜寻着一切补给品，连自己生前战友的干粮袋也不曾放过；俄国滑膛枪的口径比我们大，这造成了更可怕的创伤；没有欢歌笑语，沮丧和沉默压倒了一切！

        塞居尔提到，拿破仑检阅了聚拢在他鹰旗下的幸存官兵，他们的军装因残酷地搏杀而撕裂，满是火药的污渍和血迹；尽管衣衫破烂，身受如此的痛苦和悲伤，但他们眼中仍透着自豪，在皇帝面前发出胜利的欢呼，只可惜他们人数太少了。。。  

        当快到大多面堡时，科兰古已经抑制不住自己，他情不自禁地写到：当我走过这浸透了兄弟鲜血的土地时（其兄弟在这里阵亡），我不由地想，如果整个军团能为我哀悼，肯定我的作为，那我即便牺牲也会心存安慰。。。

        当时在附近的博塞（Bausset）目睹科兰古和卡农维尔（M. de Canouville）离开，他们满含热泪，因为这里是他们兄弟生命的终点。塞居尔同时提到：即使是铁打的人也有扛不住的时候。皇帝身体依旧不适，只有发怒的表态才让他有些生机。我们的一匹马踩到了一个幸存者，引得他阵阵呻吟。我们认出那是个俄国人，可皇帝回答道：“胜利之后，他已经不是敌人！”鲁斯塔姆（Roustam，皇帝的马穆鲁克男仆）马上扶起了伤员，还从随侍的马穆鲁克那里给他弄了一些酒喝。

        德代（Dedem）只能说他看到了有生以来最为恶心的事情：“双方的死尸堆积如山，伤兵四处挣扎求助。。。”

        符腾堡上尉冯 · 库尔茨（von Kurz），看到双方的伤兵躺在地上，相互枕藉，周围血流如注，哀嚎遍野，很多人痛不欲生，只求速死。

        勃兰特（Brandt）在尸体与垂死者之中度过了夜晚，亲眼目睹那些饱受痛苦折磨的伤兵们聚集起来，人数越来越多。他们随处可见，像幽灵一般在黑夜中游走，向着篝火艰难移动。有些肢体不全的人用最后一丝力气挣扎前行。他们中有些人会突然倒地死去，眼中对篝火温暖的渴望却不曾消退。剩下的与其说是人，倒不如说他们更像鬼魂。

       勃兰特（Brandt） 看到了拿破仑对大多面堡的巡阅：我看到他（拿破仑）和一名带着近卫轻骑兵的参谋进入了多面堡，皇帝陷入了沉思。他们划出一片地方，清点附近的尸体，在另外几处也如法炮制。我知道他们在估计死难者的数量。随着工作的进行，皇帝的脸色越发冷漠，看起来真的有些憔悴。

        布拉尔（Boulart）也被巨大的伤亡所震惊，他发现“尸体如此之多，每迈出一步都要历尽艰辛，整个广场到处都是亡者和伤兵 ”。拉博姆（Labaume）见到尸体堆积如山，剩下的地方铺满了武器、骑枪、头盔、胸甲的碎片和冰雹一样多的炮弹。

        在一些地方，士兵们聚在一起谈论早前的战果，或者打听好友的下落。黎 · 罗伊（Le Roy）正与一小群军官谈到自己要去和儿子团聚，突然一阵疼痛袭来。摸黑挨了枪子虽然倒霉，可万幸那铅弹的动能被漫长射程所耗尽（大概是半英里外射来的）。可福森（Vossen）在第111战列步兵团的军士朋友就没这么走运——在夜间集队点名时候，一颗流弹夺走了他的生命。

        同时，迪蒙索（Dumonceau）也为战损的数千军马哀悼： 许多战马被开膛破肚，它们仍旧站着，可头已不再高昂，身下也浸满鲜血；有的拖着破碎的马具、流出的肚肠和阵亡的骑兵，蹒跚地寻觅一块草地；有的则躺在地上，看着自身累累的伤痕。

          硕泰克（Soltyk）回忆了缪拉和內伊战后的谈话：两位战斗英雄友好的会面了，国王（缪拉）对元帅（內伊）说“昨天真是一场血战，我从未见过那么猛烈的炮火。在艾劳，我们面对的还是加农炮弹（实心弹？）。昨天双方近距离舍身搏杀，用的大部分是葡萄弹。”元帅回应道“我们未伤元气，而敌人的损失必然极为惨痛，士气也该一蹶不振。我们应该追击他们，扩大胜利。”“可是俄国人是保持阵型退出阵地的”，国王说到。“这简直难以置信”元帅说，“他们明明遭到了重创！”是啊，內伊并不了解俄国人，他们的确完成了一次有序的撤退。

         塞居尔记录到，这沉闷的检阅无法让拿破仑感到一丝安慰，第二轮战果统计后，法军的战利品只有七八百俘虏和二十门破损的大炮，这对于“胜利者”来说，太寒碜了。

         联军的伤兵被集中到几处战地医院（主要的医疗基地设在科洛茨克修道院和莫扎伊斯克）看护救治。伤员的情况很糟糕，数百人在接下来几周中痛苦地死去。泰斯特（Teste）和孔潘斯（Compans）二位将军与另外12人共处一室，可第二天死神就带走了他俩的的全部室友。弗兰索斯（François）上尉与27名伤员一同过夜，当晚就有7人不治，接下来的两周内死的更多。德赛（Dessaix）将军拒绝了截肢手术，但他的手最终却得以康复。不过罗默夫（Romeuf）就没那么好运，拉雷医生说，一轮齐射造成的可怕创伤当晚便要了他的命。

          医疗条件迅速恶化，战斗结束两天后，勒热纳（Lejeune）吃惊地看到莫扎伊斯克的士兵们用马肉充饥。塞居尔说，俄国人沿着一路的坟墓前行，用来休息的场所远非常人所能忍受。甚至有个家伙靠着一匹被炮弹开膛的死马捱过了好几天(有数位证人)。有些人用木棍固定着他们的断肢，拄着拐向下一个村子走去。痛苦的哀嚎随耳可闻，挥之不去。
        
         可是，等着亚历山大 · 贝洛特 · 德 · 克尔戈雷（Alexandre Bellot de Kergorre）还有更可怕的场面，这位在莫扎伊斯克的年轻战士给后人留下了生动的描述，数千名又饥又渴的伤兵布满镇子，很多人因此长眠。

        拿破仑在莫扎伊斯克呆了三天，在中央广场附近找了一间房屋居住下来。他的喉痛已经演变成炎症，这让皇帝只能草草地写下命令。但这几天也让他重整博罗季诺血战之后的军队，补充更多粮弹。与此同时，法军的前锋警戒部队也正在追击俄军，战争仍在继续。

月光丸

Kolotsk    科洛茨克
Lejeuneh  勒热内
Kergorre  克尔戈雷

仅供参考··