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发表于 2007-8-9 15:23:07
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原帖由 austerlitz 于 2007-8-8 18:51 发表
一是1812年战役最后法军幸存人数有多少。我查到有说12月12日从Kovno渡过涅曼河的只有10000人,加上后来陆陆续续过河的,总共30000人。不知道这个数据是否准确
维基上有些数据,10000可能是来自Charles Minard的资料。
Felix Markham 讲45万主力部队只回来4万成建制部队。
Richard K. Riehn 讲总共人数68万5,3万1成建制返回,另3万5散兵游勇,共约7万可知幸存。
除了原始数据不同,也许剩余部队中的伤病员是否算进造成了些差异,另外对“成建制”的理解可能不同,比如是否包括散落在主力部队外,但保持营连组织的队伍。
* Lefebvre says that Napoleon crossed the Nieman with over 600,000 soldiers, only half of whom were from France, the others being mainly Germans and Poles.[2]
* Felix Markham thinks that 450,000 crossed the Nieman on 25 June 1812, of whom less than 40,000 recrossed in anything like a recognizable military formation.[3]
* James Marshall-Cornwall says 510,000 Imperial troops entered Russia.[4]
* Eugene Tarle believes that 420,000 crossed with Napoleon and 150,000 eventually followed, for a grand total of 570,000.[5]
* Richard K. Riehn provides the following figures: 685,000 men marched into Russia in 1812, of whom around 355,000 were French; 31,000 soldiers marched out again in some sort of military formation, with perhaps another 35,000 stragglers, for a total of less than 70,000 known survivors.[6]
2 ^ Napoleon (New York: Columbia University Press, 1969), vol. II, pp. 311-12.
3 ^ Napoleon (New York: Mentor, 1963), pp. 190 and 199.
4 ^ Napoleon as Military Commander (London: Batsford, 1967), p. 220.
5 ^ Napoleon's Invasion of Russia 1812 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1942), p. 397.
6 ^ 1812: Napoleon's Russian Campaign (New York: John Wiley, 1991), pp. 77 and 501.
[ 本帖最后由 iron duke 于 2007-8-9 15:24 编辑 ] |
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