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第一,法军不但屠杀了军人,对平民也进行了惨无人道的杀戮,其屠城时间根据法方不同人员回忆大约持续了两天到四天
以当时正在雅法治疗病员的Etienne-Louis Malus回忆为例:
士兵们割断男子和妇女、老人和年轻人、基督徒和土耳其人的喉咙,在他们的发泄之下,任何长着一张人脸的家伙都成了受害者。屠杀声、破门声、拆屋声、射击声、刀剑声、妇女尖叫声混在一起,父子被杀死在同一个尸堆上,女儿在母亲的尸体上被强暴,焚烧死者衣物燃起浓烟,气味血腥,伤员在哀嚎,胜利者们正为从死者身上争夺赃物争吵,愤怒的士兵站在尸堆顶部,为了让尸体陷下去反复击打死者,充满了对血腥和黄金的渴望,不再有其它任何感觉。
以法军裁缝Bernoyer信件为例:
一大群少女和妇人被(法军)绑架了,带到军营里强暴,随后部队就为了争夺她们展开内斗
(这些不幸的妇女后来被法军杀害了)
第二,法军屠杀战俘的理由也是完全不成立的
虽然拿破仑对屠杀战俘感到沾沾自喜,还在给督政府的信件中夸大屠杀数目为4000,但不少人也找出了貌似正当的理由,亦即战俘此前曾经被俘,所以参战违约,是否如此?
引一段Philip Dwyer的话:
On the evening of 20 February, the fort capitulated after a ten-day siege. The French occupied it immediately and, just as quickly, violated the accord they had signed with the Ottoman defenders. Bonaparte had had no intention of keeping his word. Contrary to the terms of the armistice, the men who surrendered were disarmed, and about 900 were more or less persuaded to join the French forces rather than perish in the desert on their way home (they all deserted at the first opportunity). The Mamelukes were sent back to Egypt under escort. The rest went on to Syria where, given that the agreement with the French had been broken, they joined the Ottoman forces.
换而言之,拿破仑本人在2月20日El-Arish要塞投降后已经违反他承诺的投降条件,因此拿战俘被强迫解除武装加入法军后又逃回本军的做法作为屠杀借口也是完全没有根据的(用Nathan Schur的话,那就是hollow ring)
参考资料:
Philip Dwyer. Napoleon: The Path to Power
Nathan Schur. Napoleon in the Holy Land
当然,这里只是说明雅法屠城的确是残忍的暴行,拿破仑也并未在杀俘上有过太多犹豫(3月7日投降,8-10日处决完毕),并不是说法军在当时各国军队中显得多么突出,如若奥斯曼军队攻克某座法国城市,其杀戮大概会比这还要凶残 |
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