Gun sights introduced early in the nineteenth century consisted of fixed front and rear sight points so adjusted that the line of sight across their tips was parallel to the bore of the gun. The only advantage was a definite means of leveling the gun at the point of aim, although elevation could be adjusted within small limits by regulating the coarseness of the sights taken across the points.
十九世纪初的火炮瞄准具由炮身前后两个尖点构成，视线通过两尖点顶端就得出与火炮炮膛平行的瞄准线。虽然可以靠瞄准具上的刻痕来微调炮口仰角，但唯一好处就是有一个可以确实使炮身对瞄准点保持水平的工具。
Improvements in guns and powder during and after the War Between the States resulted in such increases in range and accuracy that graduated gun sights became a necessity. A movable leaf, adjustable both vertically and laterally, was fitted into the rear sight. Correction for drift caused by the adoption of rifling in big guns was approximated by inclination of the rear sight bracket.
南北战争中及结束后对火炮和发射药的改进带来射程及准确度的增加，也使得带刻度的火炮瞄准具变得更有必要。后瞄准座上安装一个小齿轮以上下左右移动。并且靠稍微偏移后瞄准座来修正大型火炮因膛线所带来的偏流。
Toward the end of the nineteenth century, the sight telescope was developed. The sight telescope was mounted in such a way that the line of sight could be offset from the axis of the bore of the gun to correct for range, drift, and relative motion of gun and target. Elevation scales were graduated in accordance with proving-ground data, and the weight and composition of powder charges were carefully regulated. An improvement in operation was effected by installing two sights and dividing the responsibility of keeping on target between the pointer in elevation, and the trainer in train.
到十九世纪末叶，瞄准望远镜被开发出来。这种瞄准镜底座是可以转动的，使得瞄准线能够偏离炮膛轴线以修正射程，偏流及火炮与目标之间的相对运动。仰角尺规对应试射场的数据刻出度数，发射药的重量和成分也仔细规范。在作业上的一个改进是装设了两具瞄准镜，由俯仰瞄准手负责俯仰，回旋瞄准手负责回旋，来分担瞄准目标的任务。 |
发表于 2009-8-10 10:40:58
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