拿破仑的精锐部队

东方的皇帝

回复 15# 高守业


    谢守业兄指点。

JamesWilliam

回复  iron duke


    公爵阁下能不能说说意大利和荷兰近卫军，貌似是穿白色军服的部队。还有可否介绍 ...
东方的皇帝 发表于 2011-1-27 10:16

    拿破仑全战里的荷兰近卫掷弹兵很漂亮……

iron duke

回复  iron duke


    公爵阁下能不能说说意大利和荷兰近卫军，貌似是穿白色军服的部队。还有可否介绍 ...
东方的皇帝 发表于 2011-1-27 10:16

这个可以参考鱼鹰下面三本：
Dutch-Belgian troops of the Napoleonic Wars
Napoleon's Italian and Neapolitan troops
Prussian Army of the Napoleonic Wars

东方的皇帝

以下是拿破仑全面战争里对拿破仑精锐部队的英文介绍，现在贴上来给大家看看。

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荷兰近卫军
Dutch Grenadiers see themselves as elite soldiers and occupy the place of honour at the right of the line on parade. This sense of inherent worth helps to inspire other soldiers and instils a sense of pride in the troops. They are incredibly disciplined and can reload their weapons at breathtaking speed, discharging them with relatively good accuracy. Their extensive training makes them more expensive to raise than other infantry units but, like all foot soldiers, they must exercise sensible caution when facing heavy cavalry and skirmishers.

The Dutch Grenadiers became part of Napoleon’s army following his 1810 annexation of Holland. At that time they were the Dutch Royal Grenadiers, and the men of this regiment entered Paris in August of 1810. Napoleon reviewed the troops personally and was very impressed by the fine appearance of the men. They wore white coats faced with crimson, instead of the traditional dark blue worn by other senior regiments (later other units wore white, but this was because the British blockade affected dye supplies). The Guard Grenadiers were not as impressed however, and the first meeting of these two regiments ended in a near-riot. Their behaviour was so appalling that they were forced to apologise to the general public for their rowdy and drunken antics.

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意大利近卫军

With a recruitment policy that demands the tallest and strongest men possible, this unit makes an impressive sight on the battlefield. Their presence and reputation has a positive effect on friendly troops, encouraging them on in any dark hours! Unfailing discipline means these men have excellent accuracy and their reload times are almost unrivalled; however, these skills make them an expensive unit; they are also vulnerable, just like lesser men, to artillery and skirmishers.

In 1809 Napoleon raised two units of Velites from Turin and Florence in Italy. They were raised from well-to-do families; any man with an income of less than 300 francs was overlooked. This recruitment process was a masterstroke from Napoleon: by recruiting units from the middle and upper classes, and by giving their sons positions of power, he ensured the continued support of the influential classes. He continued to buy support from these people by posting their children to the guard and other units where they would see minimal action but still get to wear a lovely uniform.

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普鲁士燧发枪兵

Named for the province in which they are raised, Silesian Schuetzen are elite sharpshooters. These troops can hide completely in a variety of terrain types and fire upon the enemy with startling accuracy. They fight in loose formation, which gives them added protection from line infantry. If they meet the same units in open conflict, these skirmishers will suffer. The Silesian Schuetzen are also at a disadvantage in close combat.

Historically, Schuetzen units were raised from a variety of sources to defend Silesia from the French attack of 1807. They were originally garrisoned in Liegnitz and, like many units in their early years, they lacked uniformity of armament, though mostly they were armed with infantry muskets. Eventually the men were all armed with the 1787 pattern rifle, a long gun with a calibre of about a finger’s width. Unusually for a flintlock, it had front and back sights: the back sight was graded up to 300 paces, allowing startling feats of marksmanship.

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马穆鲁克

Mounted on seemingly tireless light horses and armed with scimitars, they are commonly employed to harass an enemy force, restricting its space to manoeuvre easily. Once battle is fully joined, they will often time their charges to coincide with those of a supporting infantry unit, seeking to break the enemy quickly then wreak havoc amongst them as they flee. Their only real weakness is when facing well-trained European infantry capable of forming square.

Mamelukes were traditionally slave-soldiers of the various caliphs and sultans of the Middle Ages, captured as children and raised in the Islamic faith to provide their master with a force of men unconnected to any part of the social hierarchy. Over time, the Mamelukes accrued power of their own and even went as far as seizing control of Egypt, founding a Mameluke Sultanate in 1250. Though the Mamelukes’ strength enabled the Sultanate to repel several invasions by Christian crusaders and Mongols, they were eventually overpowered by the Ottoman Empire in 1517 and entered into the service of the Sublime Porte.

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波兰枪骑兵

Trained to ride hard into battle with their lances couched, these superb horsemen are ideal shock troops. Their steeds are fast and carry them to key points on the battlefield in what seems like a heartbeat. The morale of these brave men is unrivalled, but should they become caught in a prolonged melee their weakness in close combat will become apparent. Employed against elite infantry formed in square their charge and lance skills will be largely wasted.

The Polish Guard were originally raised from among a party of exiled Polish noblemen who accompanied Napoleon into Warsaw in 1807. He was so impressed with the loyalty of these men that he insisted the new regiment be attached to his own Imperial Guard. From that moment on candidates for the regiment had to be Polish landowners between the ages of 18 and 40; they were expected to provide their own horses and equipment. It wasn’t until after the Battle of Wagram in 1809 that these men were issued with the lance as standard equipment. When Napoleon was forced exiled on Elba in 1814, 150 loyalists of the Polish Guard Lancers followed their Emperor to prison.

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荷兰枪骑兵

Trained to ride hard into battle with their lances down, these superb horsemen are ideal shock troops: the moment of impact is the moment of truth for their attack. They either break enemies, or should withdraw to charge again. Their steeds are fast moving and carry them to key points on the battlefield very quickly. Their morale is superb, but they are not suitably equipped for prolonged melee. A lancer is at a disadvantage in a close-in fight. Used against elite infantry in square their skills and lances will, of course, count for very little.

Originally formed as a hussar regiment, these men were transformed into lancers by a decree issued on the 23rd September 1810. Their first challenge was to learn how to handle the apparently unwieldy, but deadly lance. Several officers were sent to the Polish Lancers’ Chantilly barracks where they were drilled in the much-needed skills of the lance. These men then passed their new found wisdom to the rest of their regiment in Versailles. The reorganisation of the new Guard Lancers resulted in a number of uniform changes that proved extremely costly. The Minister of War had to ask Napoleon himself to provide them with more money to pay for new uniforms for the men!