LANCER 发表于 2012-3-30 20:44
一月大客气了,我大概看了下,有个剧本The Battle of Saltnovka, July 23, 1812
双方都是2万多部队,战场比 ...
此战的背景资料
出自Nafziger的Napoleon's Invasion of Russia
Battle of Saltanovka
On 21 July, Davout ordered the 3rd Chasseurs à Cheval from Bordes-soulle's brigade to make a reconnaissance towards Dashkovka, about four leagues from Mohilev. These chasseurs soon encountered Bagration's advanced guard. When they reached the heights above Bouritniki, their colonel and his advanced squadron found themselves surrounded by 3,000 cossacks. They were quickly taken prisoner, while the remaining three squadrons were thrown back. The survivors took shelter behind the French 85th Line Regiment, which was also advancing in reconnaissance under the personal direction of Davout. It quickly turned back the cossacks with a few shots from their accompanying artillery.
The pending encounter was to occur on a field surrounded by forests and deeply scored by a ravine with a small stream running along its bottom. The terrain around Saltanovka was constrictive and would not permit the Russians to profit from their numerical superiority.
Knowing of the impending storm, Davout spent the evening of the 22nd preparing his position. He had the bridge on the Staroi-Bickov road barricaded. On the right, his sappers broke down the bridge and dam by the Fatova mill. They also cut loopholes in all the neighboring buildings. On his right wing, in the village of Fatova, Davout placed five battalions of the 108th Line and one battalion of the 85th Line. To the left, near Saltanovka, he placed three battalions of the 85th Line and an independent company of voltigeurs. Behind the right wing, between Fatova and Seletz, he positioned four battalions of the 61st Line as a reserve. He established a general reserve consisting of one battalion of the 85th and 61st Line Regiments, Valence's cuirassier division, Chastel's 3rd Light Cavalry Division, and the 3rd Chasseur à Cheval Regiment near Seletz.
At 7:00 A.M. on the morning of the 23rd, the Russian general Raevsky advanced with orders to take Saltanovka with the 6th and 42nd Jagers in the lead. Bagration had given him five regiments of the 12th Division, five more from the 26th commanded by Paskevitch, twenty squadrons, three cossack regiments, and seventy-two guns. General Raevsky, with the 12th Division, was to attack the French frontally, while Paskevitch and the 26th Division were to attack Fatova after turning the French right.
At 7:30 A.M. the advancing Russians pushed the French advanced posts back. The 26th Division advanced, with a battalion of the Orel and another of the Nivegorod Infantry Regiments leading the way. Behind them advanced twelve guns, the Poltava Infantry Regiment, six more guns, the Ladoga Infantry Regiment, the second battalion of the Nivegorod Infantry Regiment, and finally the rest of the cavalry.
At the same time the skirmishers from Prince Charles of Mecklenburg's and Voronzov's divisions as well as those of the 18th Division attacked Atovka. This force encountered the battalion of the 85th Line in the woods near Fatova, pushing them back. At the same time Bagration posted a battery of twelve guns on the plateau dominating Atovka. A battalion of the 108th Line with a few guns advanced to the 85th, and the two battalions took up a position to the south of Fatova, on a low ridge, formed in columns and covered by a thick screen of skirmishers. Bagration then began deploying the heads of his column for the pending assault. Davout sent two battalions of the 61st Line to support the 85th and 108th.
The leading Russian battalions of Orel and Nivegorod, supported by twelve guns, attacked and carried the village. However, as they cleared it on the far side, they were struck by the four battalions of the 108th concealed in the wheat fields behind the village. At the same time the Poltava Infantry Regiment threw back the battalion of the 108th posted to the west of Fatova.
In its turn, the Poltava Infantry was pushed back by two battalions of the 61st led by General Guyardet. The Russians established a six-gun half-battery on their side of the stream, and its fire prevented the 61st from pursuing the retreating Poltava Infantry Regiment. Paskevitch positioned the Ladoga Infantry Regiment to the west of Fatova, and to its right, in the woods, he posted a chain of skirmishers. Though this shored up the Russian left, the two French battalions pushed back the two battalions of the Orel and Nivegorod Infantry that had crossed the stream. Paskevitch advanced the Poltava Infantry and four masked guns to stop the French advance and prevent their turning the Russian right wing.
The battalions of the 85th and 108th Line pushed back the Poltava Infantry and attacked the Russian guns, which showered them with cannis-ter. Colonel Achard, with a battalion of the 108th and one from the 85th, advanced with great energy, crossed the stream near Atovka, and succeeded in capturing the Russian position. However, he was wounded at the critical moment, and the Russian counterattack pushed his forces back.
At the same time that Achard was advancing, Bagration formed the Smolensk Infantry Regiment into an attack column to act in concert with Paskevitch, when he resumed the offensive. The 6th and 42nd Jagers covered the head of the Smolensk Infantry as they advanced. Raevsky, flanked with his two sons, stood at the head of the Smolensk Infantry. Unfortunately, he did not hear the cannon shots that signaled Paskevitch's advance over the noise of the battle and started his advance too late. The Smolensk Regiment advanced into a terrible artillery fire directed by Chef d'escadron Polinier, which inflicted heavy casualties on it. The advance stopped, and as Raevsky learned of the advance of fresh French forces, he called off the attack and began to withdraw from the battlefield.
Davout assumed that Bagration's main effort was on the right, but by noon the reconnaissance he had directed towards this flank had encountered nothing. He then ordered the 111th Line, Chaste!”s light cavalry, and Valence's cuirassiers to advance in support of General de division Dessaix in a renewed attack on the Russian center at Saltanovka.
The successful battalions of the 61st and 85th Line crossed the stream and attacked the Russian left. Dessaix crossed between Fatova mill and the Saltanovka bridge, moving forward and attacking the Russian rear, throwing their center into disorder. Bagration, already disquieted by the French success on his left, ordered a general retreat.
General Compans, at the head of the 61st and 111th Line, charged the Russians again, pursuing them until nightfall. They were near Nowiel-ski when the pursuit stopped.
The battle continued until nightfall. The French had outfought twice their number, killing 2,548 Russians and taking 200 prisoners, while losing 4,134 dead and wounded. |