拿破仑的意大利作战计划

painleon

谁有？就是那个在土伦制定，交给国民公会的那个

白剑初

http://www.napolun.com/napoleon/ ... ndence/toulun_1.htm

termniterd

楼上是收复土伦的作战计划，如果楼主要的是进军皮埃蒙特的计划的话，大概可能是这个。这是他在热月政变前担任意大利军团炮兵司令，参加奥内里亚战役前后的一些情况，这里面提到了他有提出过两个作战方案，不过没找到他的计划原件。时间是1794年，春季战役。  以下内容节选自钱德勒的《拿破仑战争》

He decided that the best course to pursue would be a main drive along the coast road to capture Oneglia and thus reopen the sea link with Genoa, associating this move with an attack into the mountains between the Roya and Nervia river valleys toward Mount Tanardo, and thence the town of Ormea and the line of the River Tanaro, supported by a further feint attack toward the fortress of Saorgio. Such moves should achieve three things: first, ease the coast trade situation as already mentioned; secondly, turn the strategic flank of the Piedmontese army and compel it to abandon its positions and retire; and thirdly, leave the Army of Italy at the close of the campaign in the useful position of controlling two vital passes on the edge of the mountains, ready for a further advance into the fertile plains of Piedmont. This plan was soon accepted, and Dumerbion raised no objections to having 20,000 men withdrawn from his 43,000-strong field army to form a striking force, nor to their subdivision into three attacking formations and a reserve.
Despite initial delays caused by heavy snowfalls, the offensive eventually went according to plan. On April 16, General Massena,* entrusted with two brigades for the inland attack, swept past Monte Tanardo and on to Ormea without encountering serious opposition. On learning that the Piedmontese were still lingering around Saorgio, he then swung rapidly westward, cut their line of retreat and compelled them to surrender to Dumerbion, who pushed up the main Nice road with the remainder of his army. On the coastal sector, meanwhile, the attack was proceeding equally successfully. Not only Oneglia but also Albenga and Loano beyond fell to the French in quick succession, and by early May the Army of Italy was firmly planted along the watershed of the Maritime Alps with the important Col de l’Argentières, Tende and St. Bernardo passes under their control. Once again, by means of a correct appreciation, Buonaparte had devised an effective plan of operations solving the immediate strategic problem. Many features of the campaign had been borrowed directly from Bourcet’s Princtpes de la Guerre des Montagues, a copy of which he probably studied some years previously at Auxonne or Pommiers as the protégé of the Baron du Teil. Nevertheless, it was an encouraging beginning; and many features of future campaigns—the use of diversions, the division of the army into petits pacquets (apparently dispersed but in fact carefully placed within supporting distance of one another) and the use of a centrally placed reserve—spring immediately to mind.
Through the medium of the Députés, Brigadier General Buonaparte produced a second plan of operations without delay. It was a plan designed to exploit the initial success and break through the 45,000-strong Piedmontese army in order to penetrate into the plain of Mondovi and thus relieve the critical shortage of supplies being suffered by the Army of Italy. In some ways this plan was rather more ambitious; it called for closely concerted action between the Army of Italy and the neighboring Army of the Alps; the immediate target was to be the area known as “the Barricades” not far above the Col de l’Argentières. While the two French armies moved along their respective lines of operations to a general rendezvous near the fortress of Coni, a further force would sweep down into the plains from the neighborhood of the distant Col di Tende and thus complete the disruption of the enemy army. This plan was duly adopted by the Députés and sent on to Paris for final approval on May 21. After some small queries, Carnot and the Committee of Public Safety approved the plan, and on June 5 the first phase was put into execution.

月光丸

月光丸

1794年4月初，拿破仑向公共安全委员会递交经撒丁入侵意大利的计划，奥古斯丁·罗伯斯庇尔将其携至巴黎。好在计划书并非拿破仑亲笔，它出自朱诺之手，字迹清晰。文中有些笼统句子，如“不可分头行动，务必合兵出击”“必须大败德意志（即奥地利），德意志一倒，西班牙和意大利不战自溃”“头脑发热的人才想打马德里，应防守法西边界，入侵撒丁”“阿尔卑斯军团和意大利军团需统一调度”。

Bonaparte sent in three plans of campaign, with " observations " and " considerations." The " Report of Bonaparte on the political and military position of the armies of Piedmont and Spain," which is very diffuse, contains several curious paragraphs. The writer said"" Attacks must not be disseminated, but concentrated. ..

It is Germany (Austria) which must be annihilated; that accomplished, Spain and Italy will fall of themselves.. , .

No dispassionate person could think of taking Madrid [which King Joseph Bonaparte entered in July, 1808, and the Emperor Napoleon in December of the same year]. The defensive system should be adopted on the Spanish, and the offensive on the Piedmortese frontier. The armies of the Alps and of Italy should be united so as to obey the same mind.. . but never Spain nor Italy.. .

Germany must be smitten, We should never plunge into Italy as long as Germany offers a redoubtable front." This report, which is in the handwriting of Junot, is classed in the archives of the V/ar Office as emanating from Robespierre, probably in consequence of the notes which "the incorruptible" wrote in the margin. curious to remark that Robespierre approved of all the propositions of Napoleon, with the exception of the last. And Bonaparte himself proved in 1796 that there was no great danger in "plunging into Italy" before the power of Austria had been utterly broken.

小松殿

意大利计划简介，如果是土伦交的计划呢，又是另一回事了。所以楼主啊，你是要土伦计划还是意大利计划呢还是土伦和意大利的计划呢。→_→