根据布里安的回忆录,卡拉.圣西尔的表现十分令人失望。
http://www.fullbooks.com/Memoirs-of-Napoleon-Bonaparte-v121.html
布里安称卡拉.圣西尔在汉堡有3000守军,但仍无法控制局势。再加上俄军大股兵力逼近汉堡的谣言(实际上只是泰腾波恩上校率领的不到2000哥萨克) ,卡拉圣西尔胆气俱失撤出汉堡。
In fact, had General St. Cyr been better informed, or less easily alarmed, he might have kept Hamburg, and prevented its temporary occupation by the enemy, to dislodge whom it was necessary to besiege the city two months afterwards. St. Cyr had 3000 regular troops, and a considerable body of men in the custom-house service. General Morand could have furnished him with 5000 men from Mecklenburg. He might, therefore, not only have kept possession of Hamburg two months longer, but even to the end of the war,
不过布里安给的数据和结论似乎都不可靠。比如他说莫朗德将军在麦克伦堡有5000人,而实际上莫朗德的部队只有2000人(鱼鹰,《Lutzen & Bautzen 1813》)。
我觉得卡拉圣西尔的失误并不是放弃了汉堡。从战略上看,汉堡被敌人重重包围。北面是3万瑞典军,东面是俄军,再加上汉堡市民起义,卡拉圣西尔放弃汉堡保全军队是正确的。但是,他在撤出汉堡前,首先应该通知他的上级莫朗德将军,商量一个汇合点,然后带兵与莫朗德部汇合,最后再一起前去与欧仁会师。当时欧仁正在撤向易北河并收拢部队,多5000援兵会很有用。卡拉圣西尔却没有这么做,他私自带兵向西撤退,而且没有把敌情通知莫朗德。结果莫朗德率领2000人走到汉堡才发现城市已经沦落敌手,而俄军早已恭候多时。莫朗德以2000人兵力与俄军在鲁伦堡(Lunenburg) 一带奋战,身负重伤。若不是因为瑞典军行进速度太慢,欧仁在易北河的侧翼恐怕就危险了。 |