钱德勒版《拿破仑的元帅们》书摘与心得

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公共场合温和节制，私下把自己吹嘘成意大利军团的实际指挥天才。可惜没有人信他。

某个督政官一针见血：“一个得意洋洋的土匪。”

虽然不知道这个督政官是谁，不过大部分督政官也没少捞钱——可见，同样是敛聚钱财，上流社会有不同的标准：

劫匪有两种：明抢和暗抢。前者是流氓，后者是高尚君子。

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之后被派去后方镇压维罗纳附近的支持奥地利的暴动。去到之后事情已经平息，于是奥热罗就和基尔迈纳将军搞基，呸，搞掠夺竞赛。

据说基尔迈纳能力不怎么样不过有蛮硬的政治关系

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下面这段真是精彩，我简直不忍心发在同一个帖子里，不过算了，轶事有很多，而且我也不需要总给自己揽活了，谁想翻奥热罗传再说吧




奥热罗在果月政变后被任命为新组建的德意志军团司令。

他上任的场面真叫一个场面宏大（spectacle，也有“傻相；丢人现眼”的意思，有点一语双关的意味~）。麦克唐纳将军说他系了一条金饰带，一直垂到靴子。一大帮阿谀附庸之徒跟在背后，他的夫人坐在一辆从意大利得来的白色缎面衬里马车中，由身穿黄、绿、红色混杂的骠骑兵制服的新向导队护卫着。

这支向导队后来扩充为三个中队，招募了黑人军团的士兵等，由后来人称“大军团恶魔”的富尼埃-萨尔洛维茨率领。

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感觉最近坛子的图片上传似乎有点故障，换了个浏览器都传不了截图。于是乎，我就空口说白话了，要看原文的自己去下：

链接：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1ntBQofZ
密码：agll

搞笑的是，法国人比敌人更怕这个军团司令。

嘛，在备受战火蹂躏的莱茵地区，奥热罗也不得不变得更加朴素和守规矩。他试着修复和同僚的关系，不过，除了待人和善的勒费弗尔之外，几乎没有人接受他。他的随员还是胡作非为，而奥热罗更关心抢劫和倒卖教堂的财产而不是军事行动。麦克唐纳说奥热罗想要败坏军队秩序，不过可能又是他编造的一个故事而已。

奥热罗担任德意志军团司令的最重大后果是——提醒了拿破仑是时候和奥军媾和了。意大利军团司令心想，奥热罗这小子没本事想出什么浩大周详的计划，到最后要么被打趴下，要么干脆原地不动，这下好了，所有奥军都朝我这边来了！

于是拿破仑就动身去谈判了。路过奥芬巴赫（Offenbach）的时候，拿破仑心想奥热罗的总部在这里，不妨去瞅一眼，纵使不是相谈甚欢，扯两句“今天天气哈哈哈”也是极好的嘛。然后就把马车停在外面，派人传话了：我急着赶路，不过还是可以抽出一分钟看看你。奥热罗一听，这是什么话，我就不日理万机了？于是回话称自己“正在忙着梳妆打扮”。拿破仑掏出怀表，一分钟到了，走呗。

过了两天，奥热罗心想，前几天是不是太拽了？细思略恐啊。于是就低声下气地写了封信过去。您猜怎么着？拿破仑压根就没理他。奥热罗心里叫苦：这下傻帽了，被这家伙反将一军。结果恼羞成怒，命令部队，波拿巴那小子再经过德意志军团驻地的时候，谁也别给他行军礼！

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1798年，德意志军团解散。作为补偿，奥热罗被选入五百人院。他的发言声音洪亮，不过并非总是切中主题。

雾月政变的时候，奥热罗作壁上观，没想好支持那一方更有利。等到拿破仑上台了，奥热罗也就接受现状了。

和平时期，奥热罗买了一处房产。出手阔绰的他借给陷入执政卫队制服麻烦的拉纳三十万法郎。

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Common tradition has it that Augereau opposed Bonaparte's elevation to Napoleon, Emperor of the French, that he tried to slip away from the coronation procession and talked loudly during the ceremony. This may be so, in whole or part, but Marbot, who accompanied him, mentions nothing of the sort; and Augereau readily accepted his appointment as a Marshal of the Empire. Also, he joined the 17 other new- minted marshals and Grand Marshal of the Palace Duroc in contributing 25,000 francs apiece for a ball for their new Emperor and Empress. All Paris wanted to attend; the marshals' aides distributed the invitations, and Marbot humorously noted that he “never had so many friends.”

传统观点是，奥热罗反对拿破仑称帝，而且试图从加冕典礼溜走，或者在典礼上高声喧哗。这种说法可能完全或者有一部分是确切的，不过陪同他的马尔博未言及一词。

奥热罗乐于成为帝国元帅，而且他也和其他17位帝国元帅以及宫廷大元帅迪罗克一起，每人出资25,000法郎为新皇帝和皇后搞一场舞会。奥热罗的副官们在派发邀请函，面对全都想参加舞会的巴黎人，马尔博风趣地说他“从来没有过这么多的朋友。”

（看来宫廷大元帅的名誉地位和帝国元帅是一样的。）

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Good fortune noticeably mellowed Augereau. He loaned Marshal Bernadotte 200,000 francs without interest as casually as Sergeant Augereau might have stood Sergeant “Pretty- Legs” Bernadotte a drink before the Revolution—“When a Marshal is fortunate enough to oblige a comrade, the pleasure of doing him a service is enough.” There was no more looting. Marbot, Auge-reaus aide-de-camp during 1803- 1807, wrote with obvious sincerity, “Of the five marshals under whom I served, [Augereau] was without a doubt the one who most alleviated the evils of war, who was the most considerate of civilians and treated his officers the best, living among them like a father in the midst of his children.” To him, Augereau was the “good marshal.”

令人吃惊的是，地位提高、仓廪丰足、家庭美满让奥热罗变得更老成持重了。

他无息借给贝尔纳多特元帅20万法郎，就像革命前的奥热罗中士随意地请“长腿”贝尔纳多特中士喝一杯一样。

而在1803年至1807年担任奥热罗副官的马尔博也写道：“在我侍奉过的五个元帅之中，（奥热罗）无疑是最关心减轻战争灾祸的，他是最关怀平民，最关爱军官的，和部下在一起的时候就像父亲和孩子一样。”对他来说，奥热罗成了“好元帅”。

什么？！奥热罗不再干抢劫的老行当了？这简直就和拿破仑说他要遵守宪法一样地可信！

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During the Ulm- Austerlitz campaign, Augereau's VII Corps had a mop-up mission in the rear of the Grand Army. A German clergyman praised its discipline as “exemplary,” noting that Augereau was taking milk baths for his rheumatism. Except for gathering in fragments of a fleeing Austrian column at Feldkirk, there was little excitement. Afterward, Augereau was dispatched to occupy Hesse-Darmstadt and discipline the anti-French free city of Frankfurt-am-Main, carrying through both missions efficiently and humanely.

Gabrielle died while he was away at the wars. His aides shared his grief; she had been kind and thoughtful of them.

The 1806 campaign against Prussia was rougher. Forcing his march northward (83 miles in 50 hours) to support Lannes, Augereau bagged Prussian fugitives, including Infantry Regiment Prince Henry. His old company still had the same captain and first sergeant. Augereau had the captain to dinner (both men acting as if they had met for the first time), loaned him money, and gave him letters of introduction. But he called his former ser-geant by name, shook hands with him, and gave him 500 francs for himself and 40 for each of his former comrades still with the company.

1805年战役中，奥热罗的第七军在大军团后方负责扫荡敌军。一个德意志神职人员赞扬了第七军的“模范”秩序，还提到奥热罗洗牛奶浴以治疗风湿（那场景Orz）。看来他真的改好了···处理反法城市的时候很有效率也很有人情味。

尽管奥热罗喜欢吹牛，早年劣迹斑斑，不过的确是个忠实的丈夫。他的妻子多病，对待副官们很和善体贴，在1805年病逝。

1806年，奥热罗重访当年待过的连，还是原来的上尉和上士。元帅请上尉吃饭，两个人好像第一次见面一样。奥热罗不仅借给他钱，还写了一些推荐信。对从前的上士，奥热罗直呼其名，与其握手，还给了他500法郎，其他还在连里的老伙计每人也得到了40法郎。

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在埃劳，奥热罗抱恙在身，稍微患了热病，但仍硬撑着出战。

从意大利军团开始，他就被身体状况不佳所困扰。

During the 1812 Russian campaign, he commanded in northern Germany, working shrewdly to train his polyglot recruits. When Napoleon s campaign began to recoil, Augereau stayed calm, reminding his generals that they had the "essentials"—muskets, bayonets, and cartridges. When cossacks scouted Berlin in late February 1813, he rode out with 300 dubious Westphalian troopers to clear the area. But he was aging—an observer noted his scanty white hair, wry lips, and gloomy stare. As Prussia turned openly restive, something cracked in him; he reported sick, and the Viceroy Eugene ordered him home.

1812年战役中，奥热罗在北德意志精明干练地训练着他手下的多国部队。拿破仑的大军败势已现之际，奥热罗保持镇定，提醒他的将军们，他们还有必备品——步枪、刺刀和子弹。当哥萨克在1813年2月侦察柏林的时候，奥热罗带着不太可靠的300名威斯特伐利亚骑兵前去清场。他的确是上年纪了——一个观察者描述了元帅的些许白发、歪斜的嘴唇和黯淡的眼光。普鲁士公开反叛之际，奥热罗再次因病离职。

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At Leipzig he was once again the “Augereau of Castiglione.” He may have said, as Macdonald later claimed, that he was not fool enough to be killed for a Leipzig suburb, but he held the French right flank against all odds, and brought off his survivors in good order.

如同回光返照一般，在莱比锡，他又成了“卡斯蒂廖内的奥热罗”。

他也许曾经说过，正如麦克唐纳后来声称的那样，他还没有笨到要在莱比锡郊区被干掉。奥热罗在困难重重的情况下坚守法军右翼，最后以良好的秩序撤走了部队。

This conduct led Napoleon to entrust him in 1814 with an "Army of the Rhone,” to be formed around Lyons. Once the enemy had advanced deep enough into France to expose their communications, Augereau was to strike northeastward to cut them. Instead he complained and dithered, failed to exploit subordinates successes, finally abandoned Lyons, and fled south to Valance. There, learning of the emperors abdication, he issued a proclamation abusing Napoleon and urging allegiance to Louis
XVIII.

由于这一表现，拿破仑派他执掌罗讷军团，又称里昂军团。他的任务是在敌军深入法国，暴露出自身的交通线的时候，率军将其截断。但奥热罗却只是满腹怨言和踌躇不前，没有利用同僚取得的胜利，最后放弃了里昂，撤往南方的瓦朗斯。得知拿破仑退位后，他发表了一份辱骂拿破仑的公告，向路易十八效忠。

Calling on his soldiers to “revive the colors of the nation,” he attempted to switch sides again. Napoleon struck him from the list of marshals, and thereafter ignored him. After Waterloo Louis X V III dismissed him, cancel-ling all his emoluments. He died the next year, reportedly of dropsy. He left no children.
Augereaus character naturally made him subject to caricature by later writers. He was a bundle of contradictions: brave to heroism, but often a moral coward; an ingrate to Napoleon, yet kind and merciful; greedy, but generous. Failing health undoubtedly weakened his resolution. But there was always something of the ancient Gaul about him—more than a man at the battle's onset, less than a woman at its ending.

百日王朝期间，奥热罗让士兵们换上三色旗，准备再次转换阵营，但拿破仑只是将他从元帅名单中划去，不再起用。路易十八再度复辟后，也冷落了奥热罗，取消他的职务和薪金。次年，奥热罗因水肿病去世，虽于1809年再婚，终究膝下无子。

最后的一段总评：

“奥热罗的个性让他成为了后世作家的讽刺画对象。他是一个矛盾的集合体：富有英勇气概，却经常充当道德上的懦夫；对拿破仑忘恩负义，但又善良仁慈；不知餍足却又慷慨大方。每况愈下的健康状况无疑削弱了他的果敢坚定。不过他身上总还是存有古高卢人的某种遗风——其勇猛强悍胜于开始战斗的（高卢）男人，其坚贞不屈却比不上步向死亡的（高卢）女人。”

“more than a man at the battle's onset, less than a woman at its ending.”是按我自己的理解译的，妥当与否诸君去评。